Welcoming a new born into the world can be an exciting and joyful experience for parents, but it can also come with its own set of challenges. New borns are delicate and vulnerable, and their immune systems are not fully developed yet. Therefore, they are prone to several health problems. In this article, we will discuss some common health problems of new borns.
- Jaundice: Jaundice is a common condition that affects almost 60% of new borns in the first few days of life. It occurs when the liver is not able to break down bilirubin, a waste product produced when red blood cells are broken down. The excess bilirubin causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. In most cases, jaundice resolves on its own within a week or two, but if the levels of bilirubin are too high, the baby may require phototherapy or even a blood transfusion.
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): RDS is a breathing disorder that affects premature babies. It occurs when the lungs are not fully developed, and the baby struggles to breathe on their own. Symptoms of RDS include rapid breathing, grunting, and flaring of the nostrils. Treatment involves providing oxygen and support with a breathing machine.
- Infections: New borns are susceptible to infections because their immune systems are not fully developed. Bacterial infections like sepsis and pneumonia, as well as viral infections like herpes and hepatitis, can cause serious health problems in new borns. Symptoms of an infection may include fever, lethargy, poor feeding, and difficulty breathing. Treatment usually involves antibiotics or antiviral medication.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER): GER is a condition in which the contents of the stomach flow back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and spitting up in new borns. It is a common condition and usually resolves on its own within a few months. However, in severe cases, medication or even surgery may be required.
- Congenital Heart Defects: Congenital heart defects are abnormalities in the structure of the heart that are present at birth. These defects can range from mild to severe and can cause problems with the circulation of blood in the body. Symptoms may include difficulty breathing, poor feeding, and bluish skin. Treatment may involve medication or surgery.
- Birth Injuries: Sometimes, new borns may experience injuries during delivery. These injuries can range from minor bruising to more serious conditions like fractures or nerve damage. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury.
- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS): NAS is a condition that occurs when a baby is born to a mother who has used drugs or alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms of NAS may include tremors, seizures, and irritability. Treatment may involve medication and supportive care.
New borns are susceptible to a variety of health problems. It is important for parents to be aware of the common health issues that new borns face and to seek medical attention promptly if they suspect that their baby may be experiencing any of these problems. Regular check-ups with a paediatrician can help ensure that any potential health problems are caught early and treated effectively. With proper care and attention, new borns can thrive and grow into healthy children.