Intellectual disability is a term used to describe significant limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. It is a developmental disability that typically appears before the age of 18 and affects an individual’s ability to learn, reason, problem-solve, and communicate effectively.
The severity of intellectual disability is typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. The severity is determined based on an individual’s intellectual and adaptive functioning, which is measured through standardized assessments.
Mild intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ score between 50-70, with deficits in adaptive functioning that may impact daily living skills such as social communication, independent living, and academic performance.
Moderate intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ score between 35-49, with significant limitations in adaptive functioning that require assistance with daily living activities such as self-care and safety.
Severe intellectual disability is characterized by an score between 20-34, with profound limitations in adaptive functioning that may require specialized care and support throughout life.
Profound intellectual disability is characterized by an IQ score below 20, with severe limitations in adaptive functioning that require IQ extensive support and care for daily living activities.
It’s important to note that while IQ scores are used to diagnose intellectual disability, they do not capture an individual’s strengths, potential, or personality. Individuals with intellectual disabilities can lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities with appropriate support and opportunities.